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Senin, 16 Juni 2008

BURUNG HANTU SEBAGAI PENGANDALI HAMA TIKUS PADA KELAPA SAWIT


Di Indonesia, pemanfaatan burung hantu untuk mengendalikan hama tikus pertama kali dilakukan di areal perkebunan kelapa sawit di Sumatera Utara dan cukup berhasil. Selanjutnya dikembangkan di beberapa wilayah di Propinsi Sumatera Barat, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur dan wilayah propinsi lain di Indonesia.

Walaupun jumlah tingkat keberhasilan secara kuantitatif tidak diketahui, namun dirasakan efektif untuk mengendalikan tikus sawah. Adapun keuntungan dari menggunakan burung hantu sebagai pengendali tikus adalah mampu menekan populasi tikus secara ekfektif dan tidak berdampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Serta tidak memerlukan biaya dan tenaga yang besar, serta meningkatkan efisiensi waktu petani.

Burung hantu aktif di malam hari, bersembunyi di siang hari, menghuni lubang pohon, atap gedung, juarang atau tebing karang, pohon daerah pertanaman namun tidak pernah dijumpai bersarang di atas tanah. Dapat bersarang pada kandang buatan, dan bisa dikembangkan pada daerah persawahan, lokasi pertanian padi yang disekitarnya banyak pepohonan. Hewan ini tidak bersifat migratori dan umumnya sebagai binatang penetap. Burung hantu mampu terbang sejauh 12 km dan mampu menemukan mangsanya dari jarak 500 m, indera pendengarannya dan penglihatannya sangat tajam pada malam hari.

Pemeliharaan Burung Hantu
Untuk di lokasi yang baru, burung yang dipelihara adalah buruh hantu yang masih muda berumur kurang lebih 1 (satu) bulan. Hal ini dilakukan karena jika yang dipelihara burung hantu yang sudah bisa terbang dikhawatirkan akan hilang. Minimal satu pasang ditempatkan pada gupon (sarang) berada di sekitar lahan pertanaman sawit. Burung hantu yang dipelihara diberi makanan tikus setiap hari agar terbiasa dengan lingkungannya sampai burung hantu tersebut mampu mencari makanannya sendiri. Anak burung hantu baru akan mencari makanananya sendiri setelah berumur 7 minggu.

Bila burung hantu mulai bertelur maka dipersiapkan gupon yang baru sebagai calon sarang baru bagi keturunannya dan pada saat anak burung hantu sudah dapat terbang maka akan memisahkan diri dari induknya dan mencari tempat atau sarang baru sebagai tempat tinggalnya.Pemindahan keturunan baru ke aeral lainnya dapat dilakukan dengan cara seperti tahapan tersebut di atas (Disadur dari liflet “Burung Hantu sebagai pemangsa Tikus yang diterbitkan oleh Balai Besar Peramalan Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan).

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